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- <text id=91TT1960>
- <link 91TT1977>
- <title>
- Sep. 02, 1991: Where was the Black Box?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 02, 1991 The Russian Revolution
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, Page 43
- Where Was The Black Box?
- </hdr><body>
- <p> One of the most chilling aspects of last week's coup attempt
- is that--for 76 hours--the Soviet Union's top-secret nuclear
- release codes were in the hands of men later denounced as
- "adventurists" by Mikhail Gorbachev. According to the Washington
- Post, a member of the Russian delegation that accompanied
- Gorbachev back to Moscow said the men who put the Soviet
- President under house arrest in his Crimean dacha also seized the
- "black box" (actually a briefcase) containing the codes. Could
- the coupmakers have launched or threatened a nuclear attack? Or
- was the Soviet deterrent effectively paralyzed for three days?
- </p>
- <p> The answers are not entirely clear. Under the Soviet command-
- and-control structure, the decision to launch any of the
- country's estimated 27,000 nuclear warheads cannot be made by a
- single individual. U.S. experts say Moscow's strategic nuclear
- "button" is in reality a two-part system, in which the Minister
- of Defense controls one half and the President the other. If
- Gorbachev's codes had wound up in the hands of Defense Minister
- Dmitri Yazov, a member of the junta, he would theoretically have
- had the wherewithal to order the missiles to be launched. But the
- codes are no more than a release authority, and the actual firing
- would still have required the cooperation of many people.
- </p>
- <p> Even if it had been physically possible for the junta to
- launch strategic weapons, it would have done them no good in
- putting down internal resistance: the missiles are aimed at
- foreign targets, and there would have been no time to reprogram
- them. Had the junta tried to use tactical or battlefield nukes,
- they would probably have faced the same internal military
- resistance that kept Soviet tanks from moving against Boris
- Yeltsin. As it turned out, President Bush later told reporters
- gathered at his vacation home in Kennebunkport, Me., that U.S.
- intelligence detected no signals or movements indicating "a
- nuclear threat of any kind" during the interregnum. By Wednesday,
- the infernal briefcase was back in Gorbachev's safekeeping, and
- the world could breathe a little easier.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-